Shaerhu subbituminous coal (SSBC) and Mengdong lignite (ML) were extracted with petroleum ether under ultrasonication at room temperature to obtain E-SSBC and E-ML, respectively. The extracts were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and a positive-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer to characterize biomarkers and oxygen-containing species. The biomarkers consist of a homologous series of alkanes and sterenes. The biomarker distributions provide important information on the main origins and microorganism degradation of organic matter in SSBC and ML. Oxygen-containing species, including O-2-O-4, O2N2, and O1N2 class species, are predominant in the extracts with double bond equivalent (DBE) values of 2-28 and carbon numbers (CNs) of 15-50. The oxygen atoms exist in furan rings, R-O-R', RCOOR', and RCOR' (R and R' denote an alkyl or aryl group). The species in EML have more varied DBE values and CNs compared with those in ESSBC. Most of the OxN2 (x = 1-2) class species have larger DBE values and CNs than the Ox class species, which might be an evidence for more abundant intermolecular associations, such as hydrogen bonds, among the OxN2 class species than among the Ox class species. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.