Municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate contains various refractory pollutants that pose potential threats to both surface water and groundwater. This paper established a novel catalytic oxidation process for leachate treatment, in which (OH)-O-center dot is generated in situ by pumping both H-2 and O-2 in the presence of Pd catalyst and Fe2+. Volatile fatty acids in the leachate were removed almost completely by aeration and/or mechanical mixing. In this approach, a maximum COD removal of 56.7% can be achieved after 4h when 200 mg/L Fe2+ and 1250 mg/L Pd/Al2O3 (pH 3.0) are used as catalysts. After oxidation, the BOD/COD ratio in the proposed process increased from 0.03 to 0.25, indicating that the biodegradability of the leachate was improved. By comparing the efficiency on COD removal and economical aspect of the proposed Pd-based in-situ process with traditional Fenton, electro-Fenton and UV-Fenton for leachate treatments, the proposed Pd-based in-situ process has potential economic advantages over other advanced oxidation processes while the COD removal efficiency was maintained. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.