화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, Vol.220, 116-125, 2015
Yield stress measurements of cyclopentane hydrate slurry
A hydrate slurry is prepared under shear using liquid cyclopentane (CP) as the hydrate former at atmospheric conditions from a density-matched water-in-oil emulsion, by quenching it to a lower temperature at a fixed shear rate. The typical average drop size is 10 mu m. A transition, from initial deformable water drops dispersed in a continuous oil to a solid particle suspension, takes place during which the viscosity increases by several orders of magnitude and jamming may occur. Hydrate slurries so obtained are used for further rheological measurements. In particular, yield stresses are examined for varying water volume fraction using a stress-controlled rheometer. Yield stresses ranged from about 5-4600 Pa between 16% and 30% water volume fraction, with 16% being the minimum water fraction for which there is any measurable yield stress. The yield stress and the final slurry viscosity both scale with water volume fraction as tau(y) and eta(f) similar to (phi - phi(c))(2.5), where phi(c) = 0.15 as no yield stress is observed for phi < 15%. Yield stress measurements of CP hydrate slurries allowed to rest after formation under no shearing for a duration are also carried out. Hydrate slurries were found to exhibit shear thinning and significant thixotropic behavior. Direct visualization of hydrate formation on water drops in water-in-oil emulsions is presented. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.