A model for expressing the differential capacity characteristics of the LiFePO4 (LFP)/graphite battery for the state-of-health (SOH) estimation was proposed. Our model was based on the deformed pseudo-Voigt peak function with several parameters which are directly associated with the phase transition behavior of the active LFP and graphite materials. Charge/discharge cycle tests for accelerated battery fading were performed under a constant high-temperature condition (40 and 45 degrees C). The SOH estimation was carried out at different fading point of the battery using a part of the responses for the differential capacity versus voltage (dQ/dV vs. V) against the charging process at the rate of C/5 under constant temperature of 25 degrees C. The changes in the variables of the model with cycling were correlated to the generally mentioned phenomena that the main factors determining the capacity fading of the LFP/graphite battery are the loss of Li+ by a side reaction and that of the active electrode materials. In addition, the robustness related to the charge/discharge history was confirmed, since the memory effect of the LFP/graphite battery, being induced by the previous condition for use, has an influence on the dQ/dV vs. V. The evaluated SOH errors were within +/- 3%. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.