Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.137, No.19, 6320-6326, 2015
Design Rules for Organic Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions: Pathway for Charge Splitting and Detrapping
Organic solar cells rely on the conversion of a Frenkel exciton into free charges via a charge-transfer state formed on a molecular donor-acceptor pair. These charge-transfer-states are strongly bound by Coulomb interactions and yet efficiently converted into charge-separated states. A microscopic understanding of this process, though crucial to the functionality of any solar cell, has not yet been achieved. Here we show how long-range molecular order and interfacial mixing generate homogeneous electrostatic forces that can drive charge separation and prevent minority carrier trapping across a donor-acceptor interphase. Comparing a, variety of small-molecule donor-fullerene combinations, we illustrate how tuning of molecular orientation and interfacial mixing leads to a trade-off between photovoltaic gap and charge-splitting and detrapping forces, with consequences for the design of efficient photovoltaic devices.