Herein we describe the first enantioselective Rh catalyzed carboacylation of mimes (imines) via C-C activation. In this transformation, the benzocyclobutenone C1-C2 bond is selectively activated by a low valent rhodium catalyst and subsequently the resulting two Rh-C bonds add across a C=N bond, which provides a unique approach to access chiral lactams. A range of polycydic nitrogen-containing scaffolds were obtained in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity. Further derivatization of the lactam products led to a rapid entry to various novel fused heterocycles.