Among many candidates, silicon anode materials have been considered as one of the most promising materials for the next generation Li-ion batteries to replace widely used graphite anode materials, due to its high capacity, abundant source, environmental friendly and potential low cost. However, practical applications of silicon anode materials are still quite challenge due to large volume change and serious interfacial side reactions. Many strategies have been purposed and evaluated over last two decades. It seems that SiOx, Si-M alloy and nano-Si/C composite are more promising materials. In this review, scientific and technological problems and possible solutions of nano-Si/C composite anode for Li-ion batteries are summarized. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.