By screening a large series of oxide systems, the most effective modified Mo catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene with selectivity for the desired product of more than 90% have been found. Using TG-DTA and XRD techniques, it has been shown that the state of the support (Al2O3) determines the formation of active sites. The procedure for preparing microspherical Mo catalysts is characterized by simplicity and complete reproducibility of their properties. Further investigation in this line is associated with testing a pilot batch of the Mo catalyst on a pilot unit with a riser reactor.