This study investigates the formation mechanisms and control of external and inner bubble morphology in MIM. First, the related theories about foaming and filling flow are analyzed. Second, the assumptions for the formation of inner bubble morphology, external bubble morphology, and the compact skin layer in MIM process are proposed based on theoretical analysis. Finally, experiments of MIM process are conducted to verify the theoretical assumptions. In addition, gas counter pressure (GCP) and rapid mold heating and cooling (RMHC) technology are used for control of bubble morphology. It is found that foaming process in MIM can be divided into foaming during filling and foaming during cooling. Foaming during filling produce oriented and deformed bubbles while foaming during cooling produce spherical or polygonal bubbles. As the bubbles formed by foaming during filling can reach melt flow front, they will be pushed to the cavity surface where they are stretched further and frozen to generate the silver or swirl marks. The compact skin layer is formed due to the redissolution of the gases within bubbles into polymer melt and also restraint of foaming by high cavity pressure. GCP and RMHC are two effective methods for controlling external and inner bubble morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:807-835, 2015. (c) 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers