Adhesion interaction of the most widely distributed species of microscopic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, Aspergillus terreus to surfaces of materials (polymers, metals) is studied. The force of adhesion interaction was measured by the method of centrifugal detachment. Based on the analysis of kinetic curves the macroscopic characteristics of adhesion microorganism-metal surface were obtained. We show on the example of Aspergillus niger that stochastic nature of adhesion of microorganisms cells is caused by heterogeneity of support surface, heterogeneity of conidium sizes, and their distribution by forces of adhesion obeys the Gauss law. We established that structure of cellular wall of microscopic fungi was changed in dependence on age, and change of force of adhesion interaction correlated with changes in cellular wall structure of microscopic fungi, and dominating role in strengthening of adhesion interaction was played by increase of albuminous components concentration in surface layer of cell.