A new flame-retardant polyamide containing phosphine oxide moieties in the main chain was synthesized from the solution polycondensation reaction of bis(3-aminophenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide with N,N-(4,4-diphenylether) bis trimellitimide, using thionyl chloride, N-methyl-2-pyrolidone, and pyridine as condensing agents. This new polymer was obtained in high yield (92%), has high inherent viscosity (0.73 dL/g), and was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA and DTC), and solubility testing. Furthermore, another polyamide was prepared by the solution polycondensation reaction of N,N-(4,4-diphenylether) bis trimellitimide with 1,4-phenylene diamine, and its flame-retardant behavior was compared to that of the previous one.