The effects of elevated pH shocks on the performance and membrane fouling of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) treating thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater was studied over a 120-day period. Changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, biogas production, sludge and cake layer properties, and their correlations to membrane fouling - before and after pH shocks - were systematically studied using various analytical tools. The results showed that a pH 8.0 shock had a minor impact, while pH 9.1 and 10.0 shocks exerted significant long-lasting negative impacts on COD removal, biogas production and membrane filtration performance of the SAnMBR. When the normal pH (7.0) was resumed, it took approximately 1, 6, and 30 days for the performance to recover for pH 8.0, 9.1 and 10.0 shocks, respectively. The elevated pH shocks induced the dispersion of sludge flocs and resulted in the accumulation of colloids and solutes or biopolymers in the sludge suspension, and thus deteriorated membrane performance. Statistical analysis showed that the ratio of proteins (PN) to polysaccharides (PS) in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) had a strongly negative effect on the membrane fouling rate. There were smaller size particles deposited on the membrane surface and a more compact and denser cake layer was formed after being exposed to an alkaline shock at pH 10, resulting in higher membrane fouling rates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.