Through modular ROMP (ring-opening metathesis polymerization) directly from monomeric norbornenes of bioactive peptides, rhodamine B chromophore, and PEG solubilizer, we designed and synthesized a series of water-soluble poly(norbornenes) with organelle specific imaging capability in tumor cells. For the selection of F(x)rF(x)K, TAT, and SV40 peptide sequences, these fluorescence probes exhibited different targeting specificity toward mitochondria, lysosome, and nucleolus, respectively, based on the same poly(norbornene) backbonds. More importantly, the ROMP strategy enables selective combination from various monomers and allows programmable biofunctionalization via peptide sequence permutations, which would greatly extend the biomedical applications such as imaging, diagnosis, and therapy for these synthetic polymers.