This study deals with crosslinked bacterial cellulose (BC) showing unique one-dimensional shrinkage-swelling behaviors. The crosslinked BC was prepared by the solvent exchange of the BC gel from water to acetone, followed by the reaction with methylenediphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate. The resulting cuboid-shaped crosslinked BC organogel one-dimensionally shrank by drying under vacuum to form the thin sheet. It also one dimensionally swelled in LiCl/DMAc solution at 25 degrees C, followed by solvent replacement with water to recover the original shape.