A modified solar chimney power plant is presented which is not only a solar thermal system able to achieve output power but also is able to extract freshwater from the air. This solar chimney power plant has no greenhouse canopy which is replaced by a collector made of black tubes around the chimney to warm the water and air. The effectiveness of this engineering structure is analyzed in comparison to natural precipitation at nine cities in China; one-dimensional compressible flow and heat transfer mathematical model has been developed to describe the moist air which cools down along the chimney and condenses above the lifting condensation level. The recovery of water is a partial duplication of natural atmospheric convection processes because of the unstable environment lapse rate. The results showed that there is often a high-strength positive correlation between the natural precipitation and the water production by this modified solar chimney power plant in those cities, Water production by the device in the conditions of the study can produce up to 37.9 x 10(6) tons of water per year in Guangzhou, and 29.7 x 10(6) tons of water per year in Chengdu, the correlation coefficient is even up to 0.875. Moreover, this device is more efficient in arid regions, might increase the rainfalls and enhance the regional water cycle. The amount of potable water produced by this modified solar chimney power plant is remarkable and might be able to benefit to several millions of people. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.