Fuel, Vol.175, 137-145, 2016
Effect of furanic biofuels on particles formation in premixed ethylene-air flames: An experimental study
Furanic fuels have been recently investigated because they are considered possible fossil fuel substituents due to their high energy density, their renewable origin and consequently low green-house gas emissions. Few data are available about the behaviors of these fuels in laboratory flame reactors. We have recently studied their sooting tendency in a counter-flow diffusion flame showing a different propensity to form particulate matter depending on the richness of the combustion conditions. In this paper, we explore their tendency in forming particulate matter in atmospheric pressure premixed flames burning mixtures of ethylene and furanic fuels at four different equivalence ratios, namely 2.01, 2.16, 2.31 and 2.46, thus covering the range from slightly sooting to fully sooting conditions. Liquid furan, 2-methylfuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran have been added to ethylene as 10% and 20% of the total carbon fed to the flame. In-situ spectroscopy, namely laser UV-induced emission, has been used as diagnostic tool to detected different classes of precursor nanoparticles by changing the detection wavelength from the UV to the visible. Laser induced incandescence has instead been used to detect soot particles. Equivalence ratios, the total carbon flow rate and cold gas velocity have been kept constant, allowing the combustion temperature to be almost the same also when furans were added. LII signal decreases significantly when furans are added showing a strong effect of furanic fuels in decreasing the amount of soot formed in atmospheric pressure premixed flames. Particularly the reduction increases as the equivalence ratio increases. On the other side, LIF UV and LIF VIS slightly decrease when furans are added. The absence of a significant reduction of the LIF UV signal when furans are added suggests that small particle formation is not effectively inhibited by these additives. This behavior is similar to what found for ethanol and dimethyl ether addition to ethylene premixed flames, showing a similarity in the behavior of these oxygenated fuels. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.