The results of elemental analysis, determination of molecular masses, IR and H-1 NMR studies of the resin-asphaltene components, and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of lube oils from a blend of West Siberian crude oil and the liquid products of its treatment with powders of iron and copper modified with nickel and cobalt ions are presented. The structural-group analysis has been performed and the structural fragments of the average asphaltene and resin molecules have been described. The changes in the structural parameters of their molecules under the treatment conditions and in the composition of hydrocarbons and hetero compounds of lube oils have been revealed. It has been shown that the preliminary upgrading of the petroleum feedstock decreases the concentration of heteroatoms in the composition of the resin-asphaltene components and the concentration of heteroatoms and aromatic hydrocarbons the lube oils.