Synthesis of CeO2, Pr2O3, and Sm2O3 nanorods and their sintering have been investigated. In a strongly alkaline medium, nanorods of CeO2, Pr2O3, and Sm2O3 were prepared from trivalent salts of rare earths (Ce, Pr, Sm) via precipitation synthesis. Nanorods were formed by nanocrystallites of fibrous structure, which were produced by the mechanism of self-arrangement of hexagonal particles of Re(III) hydroxides. The subsequent transformation of hydroxide into oxide proceeded via self-preservation of the rod-like structure. In CeO2, the fibrous structure was noncohesive during thermal treatment at temperature of 500 degrees C and higher. Regardless of the shape of the CeO2 particles (spherical versus rod-like), sintered ceramic was formed by equiaxial grains. The cohesion of the fibrous structure of Pr and Sm oxides was higher than in CeO2. The rod-like shape of the particles of Pr and Sm oxides was (partially) preserved during sintering.