V2O5 micro/nanorods are produced through the heat treatment for the electrospun composite fibers which are prepared by using inexpensive NH4VO3 and H2C2O4 as starting materials at room temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the micro/nanorods are orthorhombic V2O5 (space group Pmmn (59), a = 1.1516, b = 03566, c = 0.4373 nm), and the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy indicate that the V2O5 micro/nanorods have a diameter of roughly 300 nm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 5-10. Meanwhile, the V2O5 micro/nanorod cathodes show a high lithium storage performance with the first discharge capacity of 418.8 mAh g(-1) and the 50th discharge capacity of 180.5 mAh g(-1), when the half cell is cycled between 2.0 and 4.0 V at a current density of 50 mA g(-1). This is possibly attributed to the fact that the micro/nanostructure samples are well dispersive and they have high structural stability and efficient electron/ion transport in the charging and discharging processes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.