Color Research and Application, Vol.41, No.3, 232-240, 2016
Decorative surface finishes: Bronzing, patina-antiqua, verd-antique in NY furniture 1810-1830: New York workshops practices 1810-1830
In Europe during the late 18th century, neo-classical style had a great influence in architecture and furniture design. The furniture that reflected an archeological reference led furniture makers to replicate in their design the tonalities, colors, and patinas of the deteriorated surfaces of the bronze oxidation by means of artificial processes. A comparative study of verd-antique samples taken from the decorative surfaces of furniture in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as well as in diverse private or American museums collections, led to a better understanding in workshops practices of the most influential cabinetmakers working in New York from 1810 to 1830. The layering techniques were predominantly examined in cross-sections using reflected light microscopy. After extensive research it is now possible to draw conclusions about the methods in use. These methods always based on similar concept, used superposition of pigmented paint layers, and transparent resin coatings, embedded brass particles, or gold powder and glazing. The well preserved faux-bronze finishes examples are representative of specific verd-antique variations. It provides case studies from which benchmark examples can be compared to other furniture of the period, and can contribute to attribution to workshops. It also confirms great disparities and variations in the workshop practices. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 232-240, 2016