Self-assembly of nanoparticles into superlattices allows a bottom-up approach for fabricating functional materials. For the first time, the colloidal TiO2 nanorods were self-assembled into nine arrays, three of these arrays were highly ordered superlattices over large areas. The relationship between the packing types and the concentration of TiO2 nanorods and oleic acid has been established. The self-assembly process is primarily driven by the density-driven phase evolution and entropic depletion attraction. This facile self-assembly procedure can be used to design and fabricate various materials into superlattices. Furthermore, these superlattices of TiO2 nanorods can be easily tailored for wide ranging devices. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.