A 2D surface plasmon photonic crystal (SPPC) is achieved by implanting gold nano rods onto the periodic surface apertures of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) opal photonic crystals. On the surface of the SPPC, the overall upconversion luminescence intensity of NaYF4 : Yb3+, Er3+ under 980 nm excitation is improved more than 10 3 fold. The device is easily shifted to a transparent flexible substrate, applied to flexible displays.