This study demonstrated for the first time the capability of methanotrophs to grow inside silicone oil (SO200) and identified the optimum cultivation conditions for enrichment of hydrophobic methanotrophs (high dilution rates (D) and low CH4 transfer rates). The potential of the hydrophobic methanotrophs enriched was assessed in a single-phase stirred tank reactor (1P-STR) and in a two-phase stirred tank reactor (2P-STR). Different operational conditions were systematically evaluated in both reactors (SO200 fractions of 30 and 60 %, stirring rates of 250 and 500rpm, and D of 0.1-0.35 day(-1) with and without biomass retention). The results showed that the TPPB only supported a superior CH4 abatement performance compared to the 1P-STR (40% enhancement at 250rpm and 25% enhancement at 500rpm) at a D of 0.3 day(-1) due to the retention of the biocatalytic activity inside the SO200, while the 1P-STR achieved higher elimination capacities (EC up to approximate to 3 times) than the TPPB under the rest of conditions tested (ECmax=91.1gm(-3)h(-1)). Furthermore, the microscopic examination and DGGE-sequencing of the communities showed that the presence of SO200 influenced the microbial population structure, impacting on bacterial biodiversity and favoring the growth of methanotrophs such as Methylosarcina. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.