Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is an emerging technology for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in polluted point source air streams. Here, a dielectric barrier discharge NTP was used to evaluate the treatment efficiency of several common VOCs at constant experimental conditions (gas residence time of 0.016 s in the plasma zone, 95-100 ppm(v) average inlet VOC concentration in air). When treated as single pollutant with a specific input energy (SIE) of 350 J L-1, the removal efficiency of the VOC followed the following sequence: methyl ethyl ketone (50%), benzene (58%), toluene (74%), 3-pentanone (76%), methyl tert-butyl ether (80%), ethylbenzene (81%), and n-hexane (90%). The effects of pollutant structure on VOC removal efficiency were investigated. The highest removal efficiencies were observed for compounds with the highest percentage of hydrogen in their molecular structures. During treatment of toluene and ethylbenzene vapors, a dark brown, tar-like deposit formed inside the plasma reactor. The deposit formation rate depended on both treated VOCs as well as on experimental conditions such as VOC concentration, and SIE. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.