Lignocellulose, having great potential to become substitute for fossil fuels, can sustainably produce fuels and chemical resources. So far, the main techniques used to generate fuels and high value-added chemicals from lignocellulose have been catalytic hydrolysis and hydrogenation. In this study, MoS2 and CoS2/MoS2 catalysts were used in the hydrogenation of rice straw. In the obtained bio-oil it was detected that the main components were esters and phenols, which was the important part of transportation fuels and chemicals. The results of our study demonstrated that the MoS2 and CoS2/MoS2 samples could be used as effective catalysts for degrading lignocellulose to obtain important chemicals.