Effects of oxidized biodiesel on formation of particulate matter and NOx from diesel engine

Hyungkyu Kang; Hoyoung Song; Jonghan Ha; Byung-Ki Na

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.33, No.7, 2084-2089, July, 2016

DOI10.1007/s11814-016-0049-y Export Citation

Effects of oxidized biodiesel on formation of particulate matter and NOx from diesel engine

Hyungkyu Kang^{1, 2}, Hoyoung Song^{1, 3}, Jonghan Ha^{1, 3}, and Byung-Ki Na^{2, †}

¹Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority, 33, Yangcheong 3-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28115, Korea
²Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
³, Korea

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A test was conducted to investigate the effect of pure biodiesel without additives on formation of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. Pure biodiesel from waste cooking oil without adding any additive was used. The biodiesel was oxidized at 110 ℃ for 10 days and blended with commercial automobile diesel oil distributed in the market as a testing fuel. Blended fuels were produced by adding 10% of oxidized biodiesel and un-oxidized biodiesel to automobile diesel oil, respectively. Material properties such as density, kinematic viscosity, oxidation stability, and cetane number were tested. Emission tests were conducted using a large diesel engine of direct injection type, inline six-cylinder, 4 stroke, turbocharger and intercooler. The oxidized and unoxidized biodiesel blends did not show any difference in density and kinematic viscosity. The oxidation stability of the oxidized biodiesel blends was lower than that of the unoxidized biodiesel blends. In the emission test, the two blends showed almost no difference in the total number of concentration of the micro-particles, and also showed almost no difference in particle size distribution such as nucleation mode and accumulation mode. On the other hand, the oxidized biodiesel blends showed less PM and NOx emission than the unoxidized biodiesel blends.

Keywords:Particulate Matter;Total Particle Number;NOx;Hydroperoxide;Fatty Acid Methyl Ester;Lower Heating Value

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[Referenced By]

[1] Fino D, Russo N, Badini C, Saracco G, Specchia V, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(3), 451 (2003)

[2] Fino D, Fino P, Saracco G, Specchia V, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(3), 445 (2003)

[3] Jung H, Kittelson DB, Zachariah MR, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(16), 4949 (2006)

[4] Tsolakis A, Energy Fuels, 20(4), 1418 (2006)

[5] Rakopoulos CD, Rakopoulos DC, Hountalas DT, Giakoumis EG, Andritsakis EC, Fuel, 87(2), 147 (2008)

[6] Mayer A, Czerwinski J, Wyser M, Mattrel P, Heitzer A, SAE, Paper NO. 2005-01-1728 (2005).

[7] Tinsdale M, Price P, Chen R, SAE, Paper NO. 2010-01-0796 (2010).

[8] Pinto AC, Guarieiro LLN, Rezende MJC, ribeiro NM, Torres EA, Lopes WA, de P. Pereira PA, de Andrade JB, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 16, 1313 (2005)

[9] Schumacher L, Borgelt SC, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 1996, No962233.

[10] Chang DYZ, VanGerpen JH, Lee I, Johnson LA, Hammond EG, Marley SJ, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 73, 1549 (1996)

[11] Peterson CL, Reece DL, Thompson JC, Beck SM, Chase C, Biomass Bioenerg., 10(5-6), 331 (1996)

[12] Peterson C, Reece D, Transactions of the ASAE, 39, 805 (1996)

[13] Hong YK, Hong WH, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 45(5), 424 (2007)

[14] Formo MW, Jungermann E, Noris F, Sonntag NOV, Bailey’s Industrial Oil And Fat Products, Volume I, (Fourth Edition), Swern D, Editor, John Wiley and Sons, 698-711 (1979).

[15] Clothier PQE, Aguda BD, Moise A, Pritchard HO, Chem. Soc. Rev., 22, 101 (1993)

[16] Neff WE, Mounts TL, Rinsch WM, Konishi H, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 70(2), 163 (1993)

[17] Neff WE, El-Agaimy MA, Mounts TL, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 71(10), 1111 (1994)

[18] Wexler H, Chem. Rev., 64(6), 591 (1964)

[19] Chang SS, Kummerow FA, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 31(8), 324 (1954)

[20] Van Gerpen J, Cetane Number Testing of Biodiesel, www.biodiesel.org.

[21] Matheaus AC, Neely GD, Ryan TW, Sobotowski RA, Wall JC, Hobbs CH, Passavant GW, Bond TJ, SAE, Paper NO. 2000-01-1858 (2000).

[22] Mason RL, Matheaus AC, Ryan TW, Sobotowski RA, Wall JC, Hobbs CH, Passavant GW, Bond TJ, SAE, Paper NO. 2000-01-1859 (2000).

[23] Zhu L, Zhang W, Liu W, Huang Z, Sci. Total Environ., 408(5), 1050 (2010)

[24] McEnally CS, Pfefferle LD, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45(6), 2498 (2011)

[25] Haynes BS, Wagner HG, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 7(4), 229 (1981)

[26] Maricq MM, Combust. Flame, 158(1), 105 (2011)

[27] Tan P, Hu Z, Lou D, Li B, SAE, Paper No. 2009-01-2726 (2009).

[28] Schmidt K, Van Gerpen J, SAE, Paper No. 961086 (1996).

[29] Lin CY, Lin HA, Fuel Process. Technol., 89(11), 1237 (2008)

[30] Lin CY, Lin SA, Fuel, 86(1-2), 210 (2007)

[31] Bora DK, Baruah DC, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 16(3), 1616 (2012)