Nano-titanium dioxide (nanoTiO(2)) under ultraviolet irradiation (UV) followed by dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was used to enhance the production of biohydrogen and biomethane in a consecutive dark fermentation and anaerobic digestion. Different concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g nanoTiO(2)/L under different UV times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 min were used. Sulfuric acid (2% v/v) at 121 degrees C was used for 15, 30 and 60 min to hydrolyze the pretreated bagasse. For acidic hydrolysis times of 15, 30 and 60 min, the highest total free sugar values were enhanced by 260%, 107%, and 189%, respectively, compared to samples without nanoTiO(2) pretreatment. The highest hydrogen production samples for the same acidic hydrolysis times showed 88%, 127%, and 25% enhancement. The maximum hydrogen production of 101.5 ml/g VS (volatile solids) was obtained at 1 g nanoTiO(2)/L and 120 min UV irradiation followed by 30 min acid hydrolysis. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.