The high cost and over-potential loss of the cathode are primary bottlenecks of the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology for efficient H-2 production from renewable biomass. In this study, novel NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) electrocatalyst was directly grown on nickel foam for H-2 evolution from actual brewery wastewater and its fermentation effluent. The new cathode demonstrated comparable high H-2 rate (2.01-2.12 m(3)-H-2/m(3)/d) with benchmark Pt catalyst but showed higher H-2 recovery (76-80% vs. 55-66%), which is twice as much as the rate obtained from popular stainless steel mesh and bare nickel foam cathodes. More interestingly, different from the Pt-coated cathode, the NiFe LDH/Ni foam cathode demonstrated very stable and even increased performance overtime when operated in real wastewater. The one-step in situ growth of catalyst on nickel substrate eliminates polymer binders and current collector, which greatly simplifies the manufacture process and reduces costs in large scale systems. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.