A new tungsten phosphate, Cs3W3PO13, is synthesized using the high-temperatureflux method. Cs3W3PO13 crystallizes in the space group Pnma and contains one-dimensional zigzag tunnels, which are found for the first time in tungsten phosphate. This highly anisotropic structural feature results in a very strong anisotropic thermal expansion, with thermal expansion coefficients of 14.15 +/- 1.11 and 0.72 +/- 0.22 M K-1 along the a and b axes, respectively, over the temperature range from 13 to 270 K. In addition, thermal analysis, UV-vis-near-IR diffuse reflectance, and first-principles electronic structure calculations on Cs3W3PO13 are performed.