The present work studies the thermal and physical properties of aviation turbine kerosene (ATK)-boron nanofuels, including stability time, viscosity, thermal behavior, and energy content. Also, this study tries to explore the effects of the size and concentration of boron particles, surfactant type, and temperature on the stability and viscosity of nanofuel. Nanofuel samples were prepared and characterized at 0.5-4 wt % of particle loading and 0.1-2 wt % of surfactant loading ranges, for micro- and nanosized boron particles. Various surfactants, such as oleic acid, propylene glycol (PG), sorbitan oleate, Tween 85, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), were used to stabilize the nanofluids. The results showed that sorbitan oleate was the best surfactant and the best weight ratio of boron particles/sorbitan oleate was about 2. With the increase of the nanoparticle concentrations from 2 to 4 wt % at 5 degrees C, the nanofuel viscosity was increased 24%, and with the increase of the temperature from 5 to 40 degrees C at a constant particle concentration (4 wt %), a 67% decrease was obtained in viscosity. Also, the effect of the particle concentration on the energy content and thermal behavior of nanofuel was determined, and it was noticed that 3 wt % boron nanoparticles could decrease the boiling point and increase the energy content of ATK fuel, significantly.