The results of study of the structure and properties of high-temperature oleogreases containing thickener components that can be derived from renewable natural materials are presented. The constitution of the primary structures of the oleogreases prepared by using calcium soaps of fatty acids of poultry fat and palm oil as the organic component of the thickener is established. It is proved that the distinctive properties of the oleogreases are ensured by the thickener system based on a dispersion of calcium carbonate and a natural surfactant. In bulk-mechanical, antioxidative, tribological, and protective properties, the obtained oleogreases are not inferior to commercial superalkaline sulfonate lubricant.