Atomic-level structural and dynamical aspects of the electrode potential-induced sequence of surface phases on ordered Au(110) in dilute aqueous alkali metal-iodide electrolytes have been explored by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) coupled with cyclic voltammetry. This system exhibits a rich series of electroinduced phase transitions triggered primarily by increasing iodide adsorption toward more positive potentials, together with alkali metal cation coadsorption. Exploration of the real-space phase transition dynamics, in particular, is facilitated by means of "potentiodynamic" STM image sequences obtained during potential steps or especially voltammetric sweeps, thereby providing a direct link to conventional (macroscopic) electrochemical phenomena. These tactics also enable the adsorbate binding sites to be obtained directly and related to the observed corrugation in the adlayer STM images. At the most negative potentials, beyond ca. -0.7 V vs SCE, Au(110) forms a largely uniform (1 X 3) phase. The microscopic steps associated with the formation and iodide adsorbate-induced removal of this reconstruction were examined by potentiodynamic STM. In cesium iodide electrolyte, "one-missing-row" (1 X 3) and (1 x 2) regions are seen to be formed by periodic row displacement en route to the final "three-missing-row" (1 x 3) phase. At higher electrode potentials, formation of a stable (1 X 1) substrate phase is triggered by disordered iodide adsorption. Above about -0.6 V vs SCE, several ordered iodide phases were detected. At the lowest potentials, a mixed Cs+-I- (2 x 4) adlayer was observed by STM, suggested to have the stoichiometry CsI2. While this phase is sharply (and reversibly) removed above -0.4 V, a pair of cation-independent ordered iodide adlayers were discerned between about -0.35 and 0.2 V. The first consists of a noncommensurate near-hexagonal phase, with one iodine row rotated slightly from the (1(1) over bar0$) perpendicular direction. This corrugated compressible structure ("adlayer I") transforms sharply above ca. 0 V vs SCE to a slightly higher-coverage, approximately (3 X 2) (theta(I) = 0.67), form ("adlayer II") with iodine rows wedged in between the (1(1) over bar0$) substrate "rails". The potential-induced adlayer I --> II transition occurs less sharply than the reverse transformation. Above 0.2 V, an unusual long-range, yet ordered, Au(110) restructuring develops, featuring substrate fracturing into parallel alternating strings and ditches ca. 25-40 Angstrom wide along the (1(1) over bar0$) but with retention of the original (1 x 1) substrate unit cell.