Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.138, No.45, 14840-14843, 2016
beta-Stereoselective Mannosylation Using 2,6-Lactones
beta-Stereoselective mannosylation using donors bearing the 2,6-lactone moiety is described. In general, glycosylation is a nucleophilic substitution reaction between an alcoholic nudeophile and a sugar moiety containing a leaving group at the anomeric position. Owing to stereoelectronic effects, the reaction tends to proceed via an S(N)1 mechanism to afford alpha-glycosides. We found that the introduction of a 2,6-lactone bridge can circumvent the competing S(N)1 reaction, affording beta-glycosides with stereoinversion via S(N)2(-like) mechanisms. Glycosyl trichloroacetimidates are particularly efficient when activated by a combined catalyst of AuCl3 and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl thiourea. In addition, the product stereoselectivity was highly dependent on the concentration of the reaction. Moreover, even when the reaction proceeds via an S(N)1 mechanism, the corresponding glycosyl cation appears to present sterically a beta-directing nature. Overall, 2,6-lactones were promising structures for achieving beta-mannosylations.