Iron arsenides may be the key to extraction of gold from existing refractory ores such as that at Bakyrchik, Kazakhstan, an ore body containing an estimated 8.5 pound billion reserve of gold. Gold is not extractable without significant ecological contamination from the associate arsenopyrite mineralisation. A new method for gold recovery from refractory gold-arsenic-bearing materials, based on direct reductive melting (DRM) of the concentrate has been developed, which locks As into relatively benign iron arsenide phases, whilst gold is extracted into lead alloy. The method has been filed as a patent with the Patent Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.