Three-dimensional (3D) alpha-Fe2O3@graphene aerogel (alpha-Fe(2)O3@GA) composites with an alpha-Fe(2)O3 content as high as 54wt% were prepared via a gas-liquid interfacial assembly method. It was found that the alpha-Fe(2)O3 nanoparticles were well dispersed and embedded into the 3D porous structure of graphene aerogel (GA). Compared with that (SBET= 82 m(2) g(-1)) of pristine alpha-Fe(2)O3, the resulting composites exhibited much higher specific surface area (SBET= 261 m(2) g(-1)). The composites used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries maintained a high reversible capacity of 745 mAhg(-1) at a current density of 100 mAg(-1) or more than 240 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 2000 mAg(-1) after 100 cycles, and exhibited superior stable electrochemical cycling performance and excellent rate capability. The superior electrochemical performances were attributed to the synergistic effects of the unique 3D porous structure of the composites with high contents of well dispersed alpha-Fe2O3. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.