Firewood roomheaters are popular, widespread and important for reaching European CO2 emission targets. Since they contribute significantly to local air pollution, they have to be optimized towards minimal emission release, especially in real-life operation. Draught conditions and user behavior, particularly the ignition technique, significantly affect the emission and efficiency performance of firewood roomheaters. This study assessed the effects of the respective parameters experimentally. The results revealed a clear correlation between draught conditions and thermal efficiency. Increased draught conditions up to 48 Pa significantly decreased thermal efficiency by 6%-11% absolutely. However, for gaseous emissions no clear trend was observed. Accordingly, CO and OGC emissions increased at higher draught conditions for one tested roomheater by 30% and 60%, but decreased for two other tested roomheaters by 13%-45%. For PM emissions no effect of increased draught conditions was evident. Top down ignition technique did not lead to a significant decrease of PM emissions compared to bottom-up ignition. In contrast, bottom-up ignition led to best thermal efficiencies. The use of either spruce or beech as kindling material revealed no significant relevance for the ignition performance. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.