PRG4 is one of the downstream molecules of the myxoid liposarcoma (MLS)-specific fusion oncoproteins TLS-CHOP and EWS-CHOP. Exogenous PRG4 expression increases the tumorigenicity of cells injected in nude mice. The molecular functions of PRG4 in tumorigenesis and/or tumor progression of MLS cells, however, still remain unclear. In this report, we demonstrated that siRNA-mediated knockdown of PRG4 suppressed the growth of the MLS-derived cell lines 1955/91 and 2645/94. In addition, PRG4 knockdown promoted adipocytic differentiation in 1955/91 cells. Thus, PRG4 may play essential roles in MLS cell growth and have potential as a therapeutic target. On the other hand, our previous study has revealed that TLS-CHOP suppresses expression of an anti-tumor cytokine IL-24, contributing to tumor cell survival. In this study, we found that double knockdown of PRG4 and IL-24 did not inhibit MLS cell growth, and single knockdown of PRG4 remarkably increased IL-24 expression. These results suggest that the growth inhibitory effect of PRG4 knockdown is caused by induction of IL-24 expression, and PRG4 may contribute to maintain MLS cell growth through repression of IL-24 expression. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.