The aggregation of low-dimensional nanofillers in a matrix has long been an unsolved problem in the fabrication of high-performance ceramic composites. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that a combined nanostructure was constructed by two-dimensional graphene and one-dimensional boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), in which the long and straight BNNTs sandwiched the broad and thin graphene sheets, thereby efficiently inhibiting the aggregation of graphene. The combined nanostructure was then used to reinforce akermanite bone scaffolds fabricated using selective laser sintering. The results showed remarkable improvements in their dispersion and reinforcing efficiency in ceramic bone scaffolds. Moreover, the compressive strength and fracture toughness were maximally improved by 207% and 33% with a graphene-BNNT ratio of 1:3 and total nanofiller content of 3.6 wt%, respectively. It was attributed to the efficient load transfer and energy-absorbing by graphene and BNNTs. Furthermore, the reinforced scaffolds also showed favorable biocompatibility and bioactivity. This study may open the door to the fabrication of high-performance ceramic scaffolds. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.