Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.121, No.12, 2482-2496, 2017
Linear Four-Chalcogen Interactions in Radical Cationic and Dicationic Dimers of 1,5-(Dichalcogena)canes: Nature of the Interactions Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis with QC Calculations
The dynamic and static nature of extended hypervalent interactions of the E-B center dot center dot center dot E-A center dot center dot center dot E-A center dot center dot center dot E-B type are elucidated for four center seven electron interactions (4c-7e) in the radical cationic dimers (1 center dot(+) and 4c-6e in the dicationic dimers (1(2+)) of 1,5-(dichalcogena)canes (2: E-A(CH2CH2CH2)(2)E-B: E-A, E-B = S, Se, Te, and 0). The quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA) is applied for the analysis. Total electron energy densities H-b(r(c)) are plotted versus H-b(r(c))-V-b(r(c),)/2 [= (h(2)/8m)del(2)p(b)(r(c))] at bond critical points (BCPs) of the interactions, where V-b(r(c)) values show potential energy densities at BCPs. Data from the fully optimized structures correspond to the static nature of the interactions. Those from the perturbed structures around the fully optimized ones are also plotted, in addition to those of the fully optimized ones, which represent the dynamic nature of interactions. The E-B center dot center dot center dot E-A center dot center dot center dot E-A center dot center dot center dot E-B interactions in 1(2+) are stronger than the corresponding ones in 1.(+), respectively. On the one hand, for 1(2+) with E-A, E-B = S, Se, and Te, E-A E-A are all classified by the shared shell interactions and predicted to have the weak covalent nature, except for those in 1a(2+) (E-A = E-B = S) and Id(2+) (E-A = E-B = Se), which have the nature of regular closed shell (r-CS)/trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through charge transfer (CT-TBP). On the other hand, AE BE are predicted to have the nature of r-CS/molecular complex formation through charge transfer for la(2+), lb(2+) (AE = Se; BE = 5), and 1d(2+) or r-CS/CT-TBP for 1c(2+) (E-A = Te; E-B = S), (E-A = Te; E-B = Se), and 1f(2+) (E-A = E-B = Te). The E-B center dot center dot center dot E-A-E-A center dot center dot center dot E-B interactions in 1.(+)- and 1(2+) are well-analyzed by applying QTAIM-DFA.