Treatment of sludge digester liquor was successfully accomplished using a pilot-scale partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) reactor with a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 1.23 kg N/m(3)/d. A stable and efficient PN process was attained by controlling the concentration of free ammonia (0.7-8.4 mg/L) and free nitrous acid (0.02-1.0 mg/L). The application of hydroxylamine played a vital role in the reactivation of anammox bacteria. The bacteria exhibited improved granule properties at a specific input power between 0.065 and 0.097 kW/m(3), and achieved a specific anammox activity (SAA) of 1.01 kg N/kg VSS/d on day 148. From day 0 to 120, the heme c content in the granules increased from 0.42 +/- 0.1 to 5.77 +/- 1.0 mu mol/g VSS, with a corresponding increase in NRRs and SAAs. High-throughput sequencing techniques revealed that the dominant anammox bacterial genus was Candidatus Brocadia. These conclusions provide valuable information for the full-scale treatment of sludge digester liquor. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.