Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EU) wood was consecutively treated by autohydrolysis pretreatment and chemical carbonization post-treatment based on a biorefinery process. Results showed that the optimal condition of the autohydrolysis pretreatment and carbonization process yielded 10.37 kg xylooligosaccharides (XOS), 1.39 kg degraded hemicellulosic products, 17.29 kg other degraded products from hemicelluloses and 40.72 kg activated carbon (S-BET of 1534.06 m(2)/g) from the 100 kg raw materials. Simultaneously, 29.14 kg gas products generated from the optimum integrated process was significantly lower than that from the direct carbonization process (68.84 kg). Besides, the optimal activated carbon (AC(170-1.0)) also showed a moderate catalytic activity and high stability for hydrogen production by catalytic methane decomposition. Overall, the data presented indicated that the integrated process is an eco-friendly and efficient process to produce XOS and activated carbon, which is beneficial for value-added and industrial application of EU wood. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.