Excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) of 5-cyano-2-naphthol (5CN2) and 5,8-dicyano-2-naphthol (DCN2) in three different protic ionic liquids (PILs), triethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([N222H][CF3SO3]), triethylammonium methanesulfonate ([N222H][CH3SO3]), and triethylammonium trifluoroacetate ([N222H][CF3COO]), was studied by time-resolved fluorescence. In [N222H][CF3SO3], both 5CN2 and DCN2 showed fluorescence only from ROH* (normal form of substituted naphthol in the excited states), indicating that no ESPT occurred in [N222H][CF3SO3]. For 5CN2 in [N222H][CH3SO3], fluorescence bands from ROH* and RO-* (anionic form of substituted naphthol in the excited states) were observed, indicating that 5CN2 could dissociate proton to surrounding solvents and form RO-*. More interestingly, 5CN2 in [N222H][CF3COO] and DCN2 in [N222H][CH3SO3] and [N222H][CF3COO] showed an anomalous fluorescence band around 470 nm (5CN2) or around 520 nm (DCN2) which has not been reported previously. The kinetics of each fluorescent component of 5CN2 and DCN2 was analyzed on the basis of the time profile of fluorescence intensity. Plausible ESPT schemes of 5CN2 and DCN2 were discussed on the basis of the kinetics and the basicity of anion in PILs.