This article presents experimental results and mathematical modeling predictions of the extraction of essential oil from Eryngium billardieri, for the first time, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) method. Design of experiments and experimental optimization were carried out with a response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effects of different operating parameters including pressure (100-300 bar), temperature (308-328 K), particle size (0.45-1.05 mm) and extraction time (30-150 min). The maximum extraction yield was found to be 0.8522% w/w at the optimum conditions 300 bar, 308 K, 0.75 mm and 130 min. Moreover, in order to describe the kinetic behavior of extraction process, a mathematical model based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory of adsorption with three adjustable parameters was developed for correlating experimental data. Model parameters have been optimized by applying simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The obtained results from model predictions were consistent with experimental data in the different extraction conditions.