Catalysts containing an MFI zeolite and an MFI/MCM-41 composite synthesized by the hydrothermal microwave method have been first studied in rapeseed oil hydroconversion. Catalysts provide the production of valuable petrochemicals, namely, high-octane components of motor fuels and D-2-D-4 olefins. Synthesized MFI zeolite mostly catalyzed the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons (ArH); incorporation of this zeolite into the matrix of mesoporous silicate MCM-41 leads to a decrease in the ArH content in the liquid hydrocarbon products owing to an increase in the yield of liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons. Promotion of the MFI zeolite synthesized by the hydrothermal microwave method with zinc ions leads to the formation of a catalyst providing the formation of liquid products consisting of ArH.