A PDMS elastomer based on acylhydrazone groups with both acid- and heat-assisted self-healing properties was successfully prepared from tetra-acylhydrazine-terminated PDMS and tereph-thalaldehyde through solution casting. The good healing performance was obtained with catalytic acetic acid for 24 h at 25 degrees C or by annealing at 120 degrees C for 2 h. The elastomer exhibited a reversible transition near 80 degrees C observed by rheological measurements and variable-temperature FTIR, which corresponded to the dissociation and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds between acylhydrazone groups. Since the non-equimolar sample presented similar behaviors with the equimolar sample, it verifies that the reversible dissociation/reformation of hydrogen bonds dominates the heat-assisted self-healing process. This finding will enable better understanding of the contribution of hydrogen bonding interactions in acylhydrazone self-healing systems, thus promoting the development of self-healing bulk materials based on acylhydrazone groups. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.