As multifunctional high-performance materials, polylactic acid/carbon nanotube (PLA/CNT) composites are currently of great interest for using in an extensive range of medical and industrial applications. The main focus of the present work, accordingly, is to review the recent developments on PLA/CNT composites. In addition, the dependence of thermal, mechanical, electrical, and rheological properties on the type, aspect ratio, loading, dispersion state, and alignment of CNTs within PLA matrix was reviewed. The discussion of the different properties revealed that the CNTs additive could be an effective method to improve the performance of PLA materials for medical and industrial applications.