The Arabidopsis thaliana lysophospholipid acyltransferase At1g78690 acylates a variety of lysophospholipids such as lyso phosphatidylglycerol, lyso phosphatidylethanolamine and lyso phosphatidylserine. Despite di-acylate phosphatidylglycerol being a substrate, overexpression of At1g78690 in Escherichia coli leads to the accumulation of acyl-PG. Here we show that cardiolipin also accumulates in cells overexpressing At1g78690. To help try and explain this observation, we show, using a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based assay, that At1g78690 utilizes both mono- and di-lyso cardiolipin as an acyl acceptor. Because At1g78690 shares high homology (similar to 40%) with the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme tafazzin, we also tested whether At1g78690 was able to catalyze a tafazzin-like transacylation reaction. Di-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine was used as the acyl donor and mono-lyso cardiolipin was used as the acyl acceptor in a reaction and the reaction was monitored by LC-MS. No transfer of the linoleoyl chains was detected in an At1g78690 dependent manner suggesting that, despite the strong homology, these enzymes catalyze unique reactions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.