The main objective of this study is to assess the coal quality, petrographic composition, methane generation potential, maturity, and depositional environment of 12 samples from Raniganj coal field, India. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis and total organic carbon analysis suggest the presence of a mixture of Type III-II and Type III kerogen and have excellent gas generation potential. Petrographic and field emission scanning electron microscopy study shows the presence of vitrinite prosperous coal with different pores and fracture systems. The FTIR spectrum of samples suggests that the presence of aromatic H is helpful in gas generation. The Krevelen diagram shows that the samples lie in the Type-III kerogen.