The goal of the present study is to clarify the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement in a pipe flow upon sudden acceleration and deceleration. As such, we applied a technique using infrared thermography to measure the spatio-temporal heat transfer to a water pipe flow. A rectangle-shaped pulsating flow was generated by opening and closing a solenoid valve installed downstream of the test section, and the fluctuation of heat transfer was measured simultaneously with the flow properties, such as the fluctuations of the flow rate and velocity in the pipe. First, the cycle of the pulse period was set to be relatively long (T= 8 s,root omega ' = 10) in order to investigate the basic characteristics of the heat transfer caused by a sudden acceleration and a deceleration of the flow. The upper and lower Reynolds numbers for the valve-open and valve-closed conditions were set to Re-D = 12,000 and 3000, respectively. The duty ratio, which is the ratio of the period of valve opening to the total time, was set to 50%. Upon sudden deceleration of the flow, a complicated structure with high-heat-transfer spots appeared, and the structure was maintained for some time while diffusing. This resulted in a gradual decrease in the heat transfer coefficient, although flow rate decreased rapidly. In contrast, upon sudden acceleration of the flow, the heat transfer coefficient remained low for some time due to the re-laminarization phenomenon, until flow turbulence was initiated. Based on these results, we modified the pulsation condition to explore the possibility of heat transfer enhancement. The upper and lower Reynolds numbers were set to Re-D = 8000 and 0, respectively. The cycle period was varied as T= 3 s, 6 s, 12 s, 24 s, and 48 s (root omega ' = 16 similar to 4) at a duty ratio of 25%. As a result, the heat transfer was enhanced more than 50% at T= 6 s (root omega ' = 11) compared to that for the non-pulsating flow at the same flow rate. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.