Deformation and recrystallization microtextures during the asymmetrical hot rolling (ASHR) process were investigated for a high-Mn austenitic steel by means of electron backscattered diffraction. The effects of velocity ratio and rolling reduction on the texture evolution were also analyzed. It was found that with the increase in velocity ratio and rolling reduction, the surface layer of 60% rolled ASHR plate develops a shear texture containing the gamma-fiber, rotated cube and rotated copper components, but in the central layer is still a fcc rolling texture with a minor rotation around the transverse direction. The formation of surface shear texture could be understood as a consequence of the increased shear strain level, and it followed some certain crystallographic rotational relationships with the fcc rolling texture components. Additionally, the change of deformation texture under ASHR condition had an influence on the recrystallization texture, in which the proportion of {112}< uvw > and {113}< uvw > orientations was slightly improved, due to their rapid growth advantage and the orientation heredity of rotated copper shear texture.